Which of the following is a fundamental physical network topology used in Carrier Ethernet?

The fundamental physical network topology used in Carrier Ethernet is the star topology. In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch, which manages the data traffic. This structure allows for efficient communication since each device can send and receive data directly through the central point, reducing the likelihood of collisions and simplifying network management and troubleshooting.

Carrier Ethernet often utilizes this topology because it provides scalability and reliability in a wide-area network environment. When network expansion is needed, new devices can be easily added to the central hub without disrupting the existing network. Additionally, if one link fails, it does not affect the whole network, as the other connections remain intact. This reliability is crucial in Carrier Ethernet services, which must maintain high availability for businesses relying on consistent and dependable data transmission.

In contrast, other topologies listed, like hybrid, point-to-point, and broadcast, each have their own specific use cases and advantages but do not serve as the fundamental topology in Carrier Ethernet as effectively as the star topology.